The Mughal Empire under the superiority of the Muslim rulers extended its empire over large parts of northern India and Indian sub continent in the 16th century ruling over social groups in northern and western India. They got new admistrative policies with diverse, uniform, systematic rules. The Mughal Rulers were people from Central Asian Turko – Mungols, presently from Uzbekistan.
The classic period the Empire started when Akbar the Great ascended the throne in 1556. He was the son of second Mughal Emperor Humayun. He was a great warrior, with liberal and open minded thoughts and mindset. He was a wise and a benevolent ruler. He was a very religious person, a strong believer of god. He took an active part in discussing all types of religion, i.e. Hindus, Parsis, Christians as well as Muslim. He made his court a centre of culture encouraging and discussing various religions with great scholars, painters, artisans, poets and musicians. He was very creative and made many forts like:
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He made religious places for people to worship known as Ibatdat Khana ( House of Worship) at Fatehpur Sikri with his religious policies based on the principal of universal peace. It was beautifully crafted and designed with great perfection.
One the most elite religious policy of Akbar was Dīn-i Ilāhī or Divine Faith, which was an ethical system. It prohibited sins like sensuality, prudence, pride, lust and enjoined the virtues of abstinence and kindness.
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| Panch Mahal |
With this policy, Akbar tried to reconcile the differences of both religions which incorporated both 'pantheistic' versions of Islamic Sufism (most notably the Ibn Arabi's doctrine of 'Wahdat al Wajood' or Unity of existence) and 'bhakti' or devotional cults of Hinduism. And elements of other religions like Christanity, Jainism , Buddishm were amalagated into it. He tried to remove the differences and distinctions between Muslims and Non Muslims, and always fostered tolerance for the all the religion.
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| Akbar's fort |
During his regin he abolished the pilgrim tax as well as the Jizya tax. Also rolled back Zazia Tax from Jain Pilgrims .
Akbar contributed largely in the fields of arts and literature with his fine literary taste and interests in philosophy, theology, history, and politics. . With the most exclusive being the Akbar-nama and the Ain-i-Akbar in the Mughal collection. As with many Indian rulers Akbar's court had Navaratnas ("Nine Jewels"), a term denoting a group of nine extraordinary people. Akbar's Navratnas were:
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| Akbarnama |
• Faizi
• Mian Tansen - known for his voice and music
• Birbal - known for great wit
• Raja Todar Mal
• Raja Man Singh
• Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana
• Fakir Aziao-Din
• Mullah Do Piaza
• Baiju Bawara
Source:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/11421/Akbar
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar
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